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Secure element

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A secure element (SE) is a secure <a href="Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> (OS) in a <a href="Tamperproofing" title="Tamperproofing">tamper-resistant</a> processor chip or secure component. It can protect assets (root of trust, sensitive data, keys, certificates, applications) against high-level software and hardware attacks. Applications that process this sensitive data on an SE are isolated and so operate within a controlled environment not affected by software (including possible malware) found elsewhere on the OS.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a>

The hardware and embedded software meet the requirements of the Security IC Platform Protection Profile [PP 0084] including resistance to physical tampering scenarios described within it.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> More than 96 billion secure elements were produced and shipped between 2010 and 2021.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a>

SEs exist in various form factors, as devices such as <a href="Smart_card" title="Smart card">smart cards</a>, <a href="Universal_integrated_circuit_card" title="Universal integrated circuit card">UICCs</a>, or smart <a href="MicroSD" class="mw-redirect" title="MicroSD">microSD</a> cards,<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> or embedded, or integrated, as parts of larger devices.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> SEs are an evolution of the chips in earlier smart cards, which have been adapted to suit the needs of numerous use cases, such as <a href="Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a>, <a href="Tablet_computer" title="Tablet computer">tablets</a>, set-top boxes, <a href="Wearable_computer" title="Wearable computer">wearables</a>, connected cars, and other <a href="Internet_of_things" title="Internet of things">internet of things (IoT)</a> devices. The technology is widely used by technology firms such as <a href="Oracle_Corporation" title="Oracle Corporation">Oracle</a>,<a href="#cite_note-oracle-8">[8]</a> <a href="Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> and <a href="Samsung" title="Samsung">Samsung</a>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a>

SEs provide secure isolation, storage and processing for applications (called <a href="Applet" title="Applet">applets</a>) they host while being isolated from the external world (e.g. rich OS and application processor when embedded in a <a href="Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphone</a>) and from other applications running on the SE. <a href="Java_Card" title="Java Card">Java Card</a> and <a href="MULTOS" title="MULTOS">MULTOS</a> are the most deployed standardized multi-application operating systems currently used to develop applications running on SEs.<a href="#cite_note-oracle-8">[8]</a>

Since 1999, <a href="GlobalPlatform" title="GlobalPlatform">GlobalPlatform</a> has been the body responsible for <a href="Standardization" title="Standardization">standardizing</a> secure element technologies to support a dynamic model of application management in a multi-actor model. GlobalPlatform also runs Functional and Security Certification programmes for secure elements, and hosts a list of Functional Certified and Security Certified products. GlobalPlatform technology is also embedded in other standards such as ETSI SCP (now SET) since release 7.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> A <a href="Common_Criteria" title="Common Criteria">Common Criteria</a> Secure Element Protection Profile has been released targeting EAL4+ level with ALC_DVS.2 and AVA_VAN.5 extension to standardize the security features of a secure element across markets.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a>

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<li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encyclopedia.kaspersky.com/glossary/secure-element/">"What is Secure Element?"</a>. <a href="Kaspersky" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaspersky">Kaspersky</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurosmart.com/worldwide-market-of-secure-elements-confirms-its-resiliency-in-2021/">"Worldwide Market of Secure Elements Confirms its Resiliency in 2021"</a>. Eurosmart.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFMehta2022" class="citation web cs1">Mehta, Tushar (April 4, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/integrated-sim-isim-explainer/">"What is Integrated SIM (iSIM)? How is it better than eSIM?"</a>. <a href="Digital_Trends" title="Digital Trends">Digital Trends</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <cite id="CITEREFPage2021" class="citation web cs1">Page, Carly (October 5, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://techcrunch.com/2021/10/05/yubicos-new-hardware-key-lands-with-a-fingerprint-reader-for-passwordless-logins/?guccounter=1">"Yubico's new hardware key features a fingerprint reader for passwordless logins"</a>. <a href="TechCrunch" title="TechCrunch">TechCrunch</a>.</cite>

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<li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_ts/102200_102299/102226/12.00.00_60/ts_102226v120000p.pdf">"Smart Cards; Remote APDU structure for UICC based applications (Release 12)"</a> (PDF). <a href="ETSI" class="mw-redirect" title="ETSI">ETSI</a>.</cite>

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This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-02-12" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Secure_element&oldid=1275275102">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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